While largely neglected over decades during which adaptive immunity captured most of the
attention, innate immune mechanisms have now become central to our understanding of …

Cancer vaccines have emerged as a powerful new tool for cancer immunotherapy.
Adjuvants are vaccine ingredients that enhance the strength, velocity, and duration of the …

In the early nineties, pioneering steps were taken in the use of mRNA as a therapeutic tool
for vaccination. In the following decades, an improved understanding of the mRNA …

Why do we get cancer mostly when we are old? According to current paradigms, the answer
is simple: mutations accumulate in our tissues throughout life, and some of these mutations …

Metals are essential components in all forms of life required for the function of nearly half of
all enzymes and are critically involved in virtually all fundamental biological processes …

The dry season is a major challenge for Plasmodium falciparum parasites in many malaria
endemic regions, where water availability limits mosquito vectors to only part of the year …

Cancer vaccination is an effective way to prevent or cure cancers by inducing strong cellular
and humoral immunity with the aid of delivery carriers or adjuvants. Increasing new delivery …

Multiple effector layers in the immune system ensure an optimal temporal and spatial
distribution of immune defense. Cytotoxic innate lymphoid natural killers (NK) and adaptive …

Given one conception of biological individuality (evolutionary, physiological, etc.), can a
holobiont–that is the host+ its symbiotic (mutualistic, commensalist and parasitic) …

T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling triggers selective cytokine expression to drive T cell
proliferation and differentiation required for immune defense and surveillance. The nuclear …