The current understanding of lactate extends from its origins as a byproduct of glycolysis to
its role in tumor metabolism, as identified by studies on the Warburg effect. The lactate …

The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic,
maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that …

Mitophagy is an essential mitochondrial quality control mechanism that eliminates damaged
mitochondria and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The relationship …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular system and is the leading
cause of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Excessive generation of reactive oxygen …

According to the endosymbiotic theory, most of the DNA of the original bacterial
endosymbiont has been lost or transferred to the nucleus, leaving a much smaller (∼ 16 kb …

The mitochondrial electron transport chain utilizes a series of electron transfer reactions to
generate cellular ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. A consequence of electron …

The excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairment of defensive
antioxidant systems leads to a condition known as oxidative stress. The main source of free …

Skeletal muscle regeneration depends on the correct expansion of resident quiescent stem
cells (satellite cells), a process that becomes less efficient with aging. Here, we show that …

The unique physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles have recently gained
increasing attention in a diverse set of applications, particularly in the biomedical field …

Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms
underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile …