Microglial cells are the main innate immune cells of the complex cellular structure of the
brain. These cells respond quickly to pathogens and injury, accumulate in regions of …

Inflammation of central nervous system (CNS) is usually associated with trauma and
infection. Neuroinflammation occurs in close relation to trauma, infection, and …

Investigating differences between means of more than two groups or experimental
conditions is a routine research question addressed in biology. In order to assess …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent anti-inflammatory compounds that have been extensively
used in clinical practice for several decades. GC's effects on inflammation are generally …

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates a neuroinflammatory cascade that
contributes to neuronal damage and behavioral impairment. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are …

Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) plays an important role in defense against bacterial infection by
interfering with bacterial iron acquisition. Although Lcn2 is expressed in a number of aseptic …

Acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) tends to cause the over-activation of inflammatory
response and disruption of blood brain barrier (BBB), associating with long-term cognitive …

Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), long COVID (LC) and
post-COVID-19 vaccine syndrome show similarities in their pathophysiology and clinical …

Abstract Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) exerts a wide spectrum of regulatory activities in the immune
and inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of endogenous …

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are important innate immune proteins for the identification and
clearance of invading pathogen. TLR signal through adaptor proteins, most commonly …