1. Specific recommendations for prevention strategies often depend on the ischemic
stroke/transient ischemic attack subtype. Therefore, new in this guideline is a section …

RCT. Here, the annual risk of secondary rehemorrhage in adults was significantly reduced
from 8% in the nonsurgical group to 3% in the STA-MCA bypass group. 11 Unfortunately, a …

1Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo,
Hokkaido, Japan 2Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of …

The European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on Moyamoya Angiopathy (MMA),
developed according to ESO standard operating procedure and Grading of …

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic cerebrovascular disease characterized by
progressive stenosis of the arteries of the circle of Willis, with the formation of collateral …

OBJECTIVE The only effective treatment for ischemic moyamoya disease (iMMD) is cerebral
revascularization by an extracranial to intracranial bypass. The preferred revascularization …

BACKGROUND In adults with ischemic moyamoya disease (MMD), the efficacy of direct vs
indirect revascularization procedures remains a matter of debate. OBJECTIVE To investigate …

Objective Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a unique cerebrovascular occlusive disease
characterized by progressive steno-occlusion within the terminal segment of the internal …

Background Moyamoya is a chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disease of unknown etiology
causing neovascularization of the lenticulostriate collaterals at the base of the brain …

Purpose of review Moyamoya disease (MMD) is being increasingly diagnosed with the
development of radiological surveillance technology and increased accessibility to medical …