Over recent decades, cosmological simulations of galaxy formation have been instrumental
in advancing our understanding of structure and galaxy formation in the Universe. These …

Abstract The Nobel Prize winning confirmation in 1998 of the accelerated expansion of our
Universe put into sharp focus the need of a consistent theoretical model to explain the origin …

We review the paradigm of holographic dark energy (HDE), which arises from a theoretical
attempt of applying the holographic principle (HP) to the dark energy (DE) problem. Making …

We review in detail a number of approaches that have been adopted to try and explain the
remarkable observation of our accelerating universe. In particular we discuss the arguments …

The equation of motion for massive particles in f (R) modified theories of gravity is derived.
By considering an explicit coupling between an arbitrary function of the scalar curvature, R …

Nature's simplest field, the scalar field, has been the protagonist of physical theories for a
long time. Even before the publication of the theory of general relativity G. Nordström …

We derive the conditions under which dark energy models whose Lagrangian densities f are
written in terms of the Ricci scalar R are cosmologically viable. We show that the …

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I briefly review our current understanding of dark matter and dark energy. The first part of this
review focusses on issues pertaining to dark matter including observational evidence for its …

In this paper, we use the type Ia supernovae data to constrain the holographic dark energy
model proposed by Li. We also apply a cosmic age test to this analysis. We consider in this …