Advances in the carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2. 1.1) research over the last three decades
are presented, with an emphasis on the deciphering of the activation mechanism, the …

The symbiosis between cnidarians (eg, corals or sea anemones) and intracellular
dinoflagellate algae of the genus Symbiodinium is of immense ecological importance. In …

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is abundant on Earth, is a major component of marine
biominerals and thus of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and it plays a major role in the …

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2. 1.1) are widespread enzymes in all organisms,
catalyzing CO2 hydration to bicarbonate and protons. Their inhibition is exploited clinically …

Background Corals are capable of launching diverse immune defenses at the site of direct
contact with pathogens, but the molecular mechanisms of this activity and the colony-wide …

In this review we discuss the present knowledge on the biological and environmental control
of biomineralization (calcification) in hermatypic corals. We describe first the anatomy of the …

In spite of more than one century and half of studies, mechanisms of coral biomineralization,
leading to coral growth and reef formation, still remain poorly known, although major global …

Recent evidence suggests that corals can acclimatize or adapt to local stress factors through
differential regulation of their gene expression. Profiling gene expression in corals from …

There are increasing concerns that the current rate of climate change might outpace the
ability of reef-building corals to adapt to future conditions. Work on model systems has …

Insight into the response of reef corals and other major marine calcifiers to ocean
acidification is limited by a lack of knowledge about how seawater pH and carbonate …