In this chapter, we review the recent literature on conflict and appropriation. Allowing for the
possibility of conflict, which amounts to recognizing the possibility that property rights are not …

Over the second half of the 20th century, conflicts within national boundaries became
increasingly dominant. One-third of all countries experienced civil conflict. Many (if not most) …

Citizens, parties, and movements are increasingly contesting issues connected to
globalization, such as whether to welcome immigrants, promote free trade, and support …

We investigate the causes of civil war, using a new data set of wars during 1960–99.
Rebellion may be explained by atypically severe grievances, such as high inequality, a lack …

Most nations have experienced an internal armed conflict since 1960. Yet while civil war is
central to many nations' development, it has stood at the periphery of economics research …

The increasing incidence of ethnic conflicts, and the much-publicized consequences of
these conflicts, have attracted the interest of many researchers in the social sciences. Many …

How do income shocks affect armed conflict? Theory suggests two opposite effects. If labour
is used to appropriate resources violently, higher wages may lower conflict by reducing …

We examine empirically the impact of ethnic divisions on conflict, by using a specification
based on Esteban and Ray (2011). That theory links conflict intensity to three indices of …

Drawing on econometric evidence and in-depth studies of West Africa, Latin America and
Southeast Asia, this book explores how horizontal inequalities-ethnic, religious or racial-are …

When considering engaging in conflict to secure control of a resource, a group needs to
predict the amount of post-conflict leakage due to infiltration by members of losing groups …