Autonomous micro/nanorobots capable of performing programmed missions are at the
forefront of next-generation micromachinery. These small robotic systems are predominantly …

The use of bacterial cells as agents of medical therapy has a long history. Research that was
ignited over a century ago with the accidental infection of cancer patients has matured into a …

Bacteria-propelled biohybrid microswimmers have recently shown to be able to actively
transport and deliver cargos encapsulated into their synthetic constructs to specific regions …

Biohybrid microrobots, composed of a living organism integrated with an artificial carrier,
offer great advantages for the miniaturization of devices with onboard actuation, sensing …

Bacteria employ diverse motility patterns in traversing complex three-dimensional (3D)
natural habitats. 2D microscopy misses crucial features of 3D behaviour, but the applicability …

Field-controlled microrobots have attracted extensive research in the biological and medical
fields due to the prominent characteristics including high flexibility, small size, strong …

Highlights•Different flagellar architectures enable different motility behaviors.•Strategies for
swimming and turning vary.•Flagella can push, pull, flick, and swing, roll, or wrap around the …

Micromotors are devices that operate at the microscale and convert energy to motion. Many
micromotors are microswimmers, ie, devices that can move freely in a liquid at a low …

Microrobots can operate in tiny areas that traditional bulk robots cannot reach. The
combination of acoustic actuation with microrobots extensively expands the application …

Bio-hybrid devices, which integrate biological cells with synthetic components, have opened
a new path in miniaturized systems with the potential to provide actuation and control for …