Humans, like natural predators, can induce fear in wildlife, which has the potential to alter
species-level survival and fitness. Though anthropogenic impacts on wildlife have been …

Risk-taking in birds is often measured as the flight initiation distance (FID), the distance at
which individuals take flight when approached by a potential predator (typically a human) …

(1) Background: With rapid urbanization, birds are facing a variety of challenges. Evaluating
bird behaviour changes in response to urbanization can help us understand how to make …

Phenotypic plasticity plays a critical role in adaptation to novel environments. Behavioural
plasticity enables more rapid responses to unfamiliar conditions than evolution by natural …

Group living is thought to have important antipredator benefits for animals, owing to the
mechanisms of shared vigilance (“many-eyes” hypothesis), risk dilution (“dilution effect” …

Human-induced disturbances affect animal behaviours such as anti-predatory responses.
Animals in urban environments tend to exhibit a reduced escape response, measured as a …

Urbanization induces homogenization and changes the behavioural patterns of various bird
species, thereby facilitating coexistence and prompting adaptations to disturbances in urban …

With an increasing human population and expansion of urban settlements, wild animals are
often exposed to humans. As humans may be a threat, a neutral presence or a source of …

Habitat destruction and fragmentation increasingly bring humans into close proximity with
wildlife, particularly in urban contexts. Animals respond to humans using nuanced anti …

Habitat loss, fragmentation and land-use change caused by the continued expansion of
human settlements pose a threat to global biodiversity. Residential green spaces (RGs) are …