Ethanol is one of the most commonly abused drugs. Although environmental and genetic
factors contribute to the etiology of alcohol use disorders, it is ethanol's actions in the brain …

Alcohol consumption is an integral part of daily life in many societies. The benefits
associated with the production, sale, and use of alcoholic beverages come at an enormous …

Mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons are thought to serve as a final common neural pathway
for mediating reinforcement processes. However, several recent findings have challenged …

Alcohol exerts numerous pharmacological effects through its interaction with various
neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Among the latter, the endogenous opioids play a …

The description of new dopamine (DA) receptor subtypes, D1-(D1 and D5) and D2-like
(D2A, D2B, D3, D4), has given an impetus to DA research. While selective agonists and …

This article summarizes the development of cellular neuropharmacology and
neurotoxicology, based primarily on my own research. The progress of this field depends at …

The development of drug taking from controlled intake to drug addiction was studied by
means of an animal model. Outbred rats had continous free access to water and drinking …

BACKGROUND: We used a positron emission tomography paradigm with the D2/3
radiotracer [11C] raclopride and an alcohol challenge to examine the magnitude of alcohol …

Over the past 40 years, rigorous examination of brain function, structure, and attending
factors through multidisciplinary research has helped identify the substrates of alcohol …

Alcohol and nicotine are often co-abused. As many as 80–95% of alcoholics are also
smokers, suggesting that ethanol and nicotine, the primary addictive component of tobacco …