Alterations in the regulation of gene expression are frequently associated with
developmental diseases or cancer. Transcription activation is a key phenomenon in the …

The discovery of poly (ADP-ribose)> 50 years ago opened a new field, leading the way for
the discovery of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes and the ADP …

Abstract The RNA polymerase II (Pol II) enzyme transcribes all protein-coding and most non-
coding RNA genes and is globally regulated by Mediator—a large, conformationally flexible …

PARPs and tankyrases (TNKS) represent a family of 17 proteins. PARPs and tankyrases
were originally identified as DNA repair factors, nevertheless, recent advances have shed …

Retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive metabolite of retinol or vitamin A, induces a spectrum
of pleiotropic effects in cell growth and differentiation that are relevant for embryonic …

Cellular stress responses are mediated through a series of regulatory processes that occur
at the genomic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational …

The abundant nuclear enzyme PARP-1, a multifunctional regulator of chromatin structure,
transcription, and genomic integrity, plays key roles in a wide variety of processes in the …

The addition to proteins of the negatively charged polymer of ADP-ribose (PAR), which is
synthesized by PAR polymerases (PARPs) from NAD+, is a unique post-translational …

PARP-1 is an abundant nuclear enzyme that modifies substrates by poly (ADP-ribose)-
ylation. PARP-1 has well-described functions in DNA damage repair and also functions as a …

The Mediator is an evolutionarily conserved, multiprotein complex that is a key regulator of
protein-coding genes. In metazoan cells, multiple pathways that are responsible for …