Over centuries of plant morphological research, biologists have enthusiastically explored
how distinct vascular arrangements have diversified. These investigations have focused on …

Evolutionary developmental biology (evo‐devo) explores the link between developmental
patterning and phenotypic change through evolutionary time. In this review, we highlight the …

The Sapindales are a large order comprised of trees, shrubs, lianas and rarely herbs. This
lineage is mostly pantropical with important temperate lineages, inclusing some of the most …

Abstract Background and Aims The tribe Paullinieae has the highest diversity of vascular
variants among the seed plants. The developmental diversity is better understood in the …

Secondary growth is the developmental process by which woody plants grow radially. The
most complex presentations of secondary growth are found in lianas (woody vines) as a …

Background Alternative patterns of secondary growth in stems of Nyctaginaceae is present
in all growth habits of the family and have been known for a long time. However, the …

Phloem is one of the vital tissues of the vascular system that plays a crucial role in the
conduction of photosynthates. In vascular plants, it develops external to the vascular …

One of the most remarkable innovations in the evolution of vascular plants is secondary
growth: the developmental process by which plants grow thicker. The textbook illustration of …

Successive cambia are not commonly reported in lianas from temperate zones, but previous
studies have pointed to their presence in Wisteria, albeit with controversy concerning their …

Paullinieae are a diverse group of tropical and subtropical climbing plants that belong to the
soapberry family (Sapindaceae). The six genera in this tribe make up approximately one …