Acidic metabolic waste products accumulate in the tumor microenvironment because of high
metabolic activity and insufficient perfusion. In tumors, the acidity of the interstitial space and …

While cancer is commonly described as “a disease of the genes,” it is also associated with
massive metabolic reprogramming that is now accepted as a disease “Hallmark.” This …

Cancers undergo sequential changes to proton (H+) concentration and sensing that are
consequences of the disease and facilitate its further progression. The impact of protonation …

Dysregulated pH is a common characteristic of cancer cells, as they have an increased
intracellular pH (pHi) and a decreased extracellular pH (pHe) compared with normal cells …

Cell survival is conditional on the maintenance of a favourable acid–base balance (pH).
Owing to intensive respiratory CO2 and lactic acid production, cancer cells are exposed …

Cells maintain intracellular pH (pHi) within a narrow range (7.1–7.2) by controlling
membrane proton pumps and transporters whose activity is set by intra-cytoplasmic pH …

Intense interest in the'Warburg effect'has been revived by the discovery that hypoxia-
inducible factor 1 (HIF1) reprogrammes pyruvate oxidation to lactic acid conversion; lactic …

The tumor microenvironment is acidic due to glycolytic cancer cell metabolism, hypoxia, and
deficient blood perfusion. It is proposed that acidosis in the tumor microenvironment is an …

Alterations in tumour metabolism and acid/base regulation result in the formation of a hostile
environment, which fosters tumour growth and metastasis. Acid/base homoeostasis in …

Precise spatiotemporal regulation of intracellular pH (pH i) is a prerequisite for normal cell
function, and changes in pH i or pericellular pH (pH e) exert important signalling functions. It …