The cannabis derivative marijuana is the most widely used recreational drug in the Western
world and is consumed by an estimated 83 million individuals (∼ 3% of the world …

Anecdotal evidence that cannabis preparations have medical benefits together with the
discovery of the psychotropic plant cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) initiated …

There is increasing evidence showing that the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota can
alter brain physiology and behavior. Cognition was originally thought to be regulated only by …

Preclinical and clinical studies have shown bidirectional interactions within the brain-gut-
microbiome axis. Gut microbes communicate to the central nervous system through at least …

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional bowel disorder.
Disturbances in the gastrointestinal microbiome may be involved in its aetiology. Aim To …

The gut microbiome has emerged as a key regulator of host metabolism. Here we review the
various mechanisms through which the gut microbiome influences the energy metabolism of …

The human gastrointestinal tract is colonised by a complex ecosystem of microorganisms.
Intestinal bacteria are not only commensal, but they also undergo a synbiotic co-evolution …

The endocannabinoid signalling system was discovered because receptors in this system
are the targets of compounds present in psychotropic preparations of Cannabis sativa. The …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a highly prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by an
imbalance in blood glucose level, altered lipid profile and high blood pressure. Genetic …

The relationship between gut microbiota and neurological diseases, including chronic pain,
has received increasing attention. The gut microbiome is a crucial modulator of visceral …