Deep neural networks have emerged as a leading approach towards handling many natural
language processing (NLP) tasks. Deep networks initially conquered the problems of …

Question classification (QC) involves classifying given question based on the expected
answer type and is an important task in the Question Answering (QA) system. Existing …

Nowadays, machine learning techniques are employed in a wide range of applications,
where classification is a common task in machine learning. It predicts the class label of a …

We study the literature in major journals and conferences on the usage of shallow learning
and deep learning methods for text classification. Shallow learning techniques such as …

Quiz question annotation aims to assign the most relevant knowledge point to a question,
which is a key technology to support intelligent education applications. However, the …

Most text classification methods achieve great success based on the large-scale annotated
data and the pre-trained language models. However, the labeled data is insufficient in …

The advancements in deep learning methods have presented new opportunities and
challenges for predicting land surface variables (LSVs) due to their similarity with computer …

Recently, prompt-based learning has shown impressive performance on various natural
language processing tasks in few-shot scenarios. The previous study of knowledge probing …

Active learning is an increasingly important branch of machine learning and a powerful
technique for natural language processing. The main advantage of active learning is its …

Propaganda is a rhetorical technique designed to serve a specific topic, which is often used
purposefully in news article to achieve our intended purpose because of its specific …