Anthrax is caused by the spore-forming, gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The
bacterium's major virulence factors are (a) the anthrax toxins and (b) an antiphagocytic …

Anthrax toxin consists of three nontoxic proteins that self-assemble at the surface of receptor-
bearing mammalian cells or in solution, yielding a series of toxic complexes. Two of the …

Certain pathogenic species of Bacillus and Clostridium have developed unique methods for
intoxicating cells that employ the classic enzymatic “AB” paradigm for protein toxins. The …

The bipolar mitotic spindle is responsible for segregating sister chromatids at anaphase.
Microtubule motor proteins generate spindle bipolarity and enable the spindle to perform …

Anthrax toxin consists of the proteins protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF) and oedema
factor (EF). The first step of toxin entry into host cells is the recognition by PA of a receptor on …

Anthrax lethal toxin is a multi-functional virulence factor that has evolved to target multiple
host functions to allow for optimal establishment of Bacillus anthracis infection. The toxin …

After binding to cellular receptors and proteolytic activation, the protective antigen
component of anthrax toxin forms a heptameric prepore. The prepore later undergoes pH …

Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) consists of the application of a high gravitational field to
a solution of particles and the real-time detection of the evolving spatial concentration …

Anthrax toxin, a major virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis, gains entry into target cells by
binding to either of 2 von Willebrand factor A domain-containing proteins, tumor endothelium …

Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax disease, is lethal owing to the actions of
two exotoxins: anthrax lethal toxin (LT) and oedema toxin (ET). The key tissue targets …