The evolution of a body of knowledge concerned with the definition and assessment of
political risk has been uncoordinated, due to the absence of a consensus regarding the …

Defines environmental scanning as the acquisition and use of information about an
organization's external environment to assist managers in planning. Highlights include a …

The examination of political risk, political uncertainty, and political institutions in the
international business literature has, not unexpectedly, been shaped by the prevailing …

A “frontier issue” in international marketing is the appropriate choice of entry mode in foreign
markets. The objective of this paper is to offer a transaction cost framework for investigating …

The intelligent organization is one that is skilled at marshaling its information resources and
capabilities, transforming information into knowledge, and using this knowledge to sustain …

In a study of a sample of 2,705 international plant location decisions by listed Japanese
multinational corporations across a possible set of 155 countries in the 1990-1996 period …

We find support for the role of experiential learning in the international expansion process by
extending the stages model of internationalization to incorporate a sophisticated …

Manufacturers introducing an industrial product to a foreign market face a difficult decision.
Should the product be marketed primarily by captive agents (company salesforce and …

While the theoretical development and empirical studies on exchange transaction modality
to international markets have been impressing, relatively few researchers have focused on …

It is well accepted that multinational enterprises (MNEs) prefer equity joint ventures (JVs)
over wholly owned subsidiaries (WOSs) in foreign countries where the formal and informal …