Context Financial incentives, including taxes and subsidies, can be used to encourage
behavior change. They are common in transport policy for tackling externalities associated …

Background Road congestion is a persistent problem. Increasing road capacity has not
solved this problem, which requires measures to curb road use demand. This paper reviews …

The operating cost of a demand responsive transit (DRT) system strictly depends on the
quality of service that it offers to its users. An operating agency seeks to minimize operating …

This article addresses the question of how planners' use and non-use of expert knowledge
affect the content and goal achievement potential of plans, and discusses how changes in …

We study the firm-level responses to a substantial increase in transportation costs in the
wake of a quasi-experiment that introduced tolls in a subset of Portuguese highways …

Pricing is seen as a viable alternative to manage the demand for transportation facilities.
While supply increase might aggravate the problem, pricing is envisaged to relieve large …

The article studies the impact of a switch from free to charged highway provision on firm
numbers and private sector employment in a panel of Portuguese municipalities covering …

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the effects of economic policy instruments in
promoting environmentally sustainable transport. Promoting environmentally sustainable …

This paper quantifies behavioural responses to changes in the jurisdiction of a congestion
charge, with a successive focus on (i) an extension and (ii) a reduction in the size of the …

Large infrastructure projects may significantly improve accessibility. Nevertheless, many
such projects have toll schemes, and the total benefits may not be realised until the tolls …