The impact of internal combustion engine-powered automobiles on climate change due to
emissions and the depletion of fossil fuels has contributed to the progress of electrified …

The rapid development of intelligent and connected technologies is conducive to the
efficient energy utilization of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). However, most energy …

Electrified vehicles provide an effective solution to address the unfavorable impacts of fossil
fuel use in the transportation sector. Energy management strategy (EMS) is the core …

Given the steep rises in renewable energy's proportion in the global energy mix expected
over several decades, a systematic way to plan the long-term deployment is needed. The …

Motivated by the concerns on transported fuel consumption and global air pollution,
industrial engineers and academic researchers have made many efforts to construct more …

Advanced algorithms can promote the development of energy management strategies
(EMSs) as a key technology in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Reinforcement learning (RL) …

Energy management is critical to reduce energy consumption and extend the service life of
hybrid power systems. This article proposes an energy management strategy based on …

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have been developed extensively thanks to the inherent
merits of both internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and battery electric vehicles …

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based energy management strategy (EMS) is attractive
for fuel cell vehicle (FCV). Nevertheless, the fuel economy and lifespan durability of proton …

The formulation of high-efficient energy management strategy (EMS) for hybrid electric
vehicles (HEVs) becomes the most crucial task owing to the variation of electrified …