There is growing recognition of the important roles played by predators in regulating
ecosystems and sustaining biodiversity. Much attention has focused on the consequences of …

The impact of increasing vertebrate predator numbers on bird populations is widely debated
among the general public, game managers and conservationists across Europe. However …

Birds of prey have been, in comparison to other avian groups, an uncommon study model,
mainly due to the limitations imposed by their conservative life strategy (low population …

Trophic cascades—the top-down regulation of ecosystems by predators—are an essential
aspect of ecosystem function and well-being. Trophic cascades are often drastically …

One of the classic ecological questions is how predators affect population size. This is often
assessed by measuring how many individuals are killed by a predator, yet such direct effects …

Top predators can dramatically suppress populations of smaller predators, with cascading
effects throughout communities, and this pressure is often unquestioningly accepted as a …

Quantifying the relative impacts of top‐down vs. bottom‐up control of ecosystems remains a
controversial issue, with debate often focusing on the perennial question of how predators …

Mesopredators abundance is often limited by top-order predators and also by key food
resources. However, the contribution of these bidirectional forces to structure carnivore …

Aggression by top predators can create a “landscape of fear” in which subordinate predators
restrict their activity to low‐risk areas or times of day. At large spatial or temporal scales, this …

Exploiting the nest defence behaviour of another relatively aggressive species is one of the
most unusual amongst a great diversity of strategies used by animals to evade predation …