Parasites have evolved different strategies to increase their transmission from one host to
another. The Adaptive Host Manipulation hypothesis states that parasites induce …

Amphibian anomalies have been a source of curiosity for centuries and the literature on this
topic is enormous. We provide a comprehensive overview of the anomalies that have been …

Trematode infection of the second intermediate hosts can lead to changes in their fitness
and, as a result, a change in the invasion rate of animal communities. It is especially …

Background Cases of polydactyly in natural populations of amphibians have attracted great
interest from biologists. At the end of the 1940s, the French biologist Jean Rostand …

The helminthofauna of Bombina bombina (Linnaeus, 1761) has been studied to an unequal
degree in different parts of the habitat. Thus, it has been studied in more detail in the west of …

The impact of widespread and common environmental factors, such as chemical
contaminants, on infectious disease risk in amphibians is particularly important because …

Liliatrema is a small genus of trematodes consisting of two species. Its systematic position
has long been debated, partly because of the confusing reports about the structure of male …

The anomaly P is a mass morphological anomaly reported in some water frog populations
across Europe. It was found that polydactyly is only a mild attenuated form of heavy cases of …

Two species of heterophyid trematodes were found in the Magellanic penguin, Spheniscus
magellanicus (Forster), from Patagonia, Argentina. Ascocotyle (Ascocotyle) patagoniensis …

Zdzitowieckitrema incognitum n. gen., n. sp. infects the intestine of the gadiform fish
Muraenolepis marmorata in Antarctic seas. Morphologically, this parasite corresponds to the …