In this Review, we discuss the state-of-the-art understanding of non-precious transition metal
oxides that catalyze the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. Understanding and …

The current status of knowledge regarding the surfaces of the iron oxides, magnetite (Fe 3 O
4), maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3), haematite (α-Fe 2 O 3), and wüstite (Fe 1− x O) is reviewed. The …

Bimetallic and multi-component catalysts typically exhibit composition-dependent activity
and selectivity, and when optimized often outperform single-component catalysts. Here we …

Platinum and palladium are frequently used as catalytic materials, for example for the
oxidation of CO. This is one of the most widely studied reactions in the field of surface …

Striving for new solar fuels, the water oxidation reaction currently is considered to be a
bottleneck, hampering progress in the development of applicable technologies for the …

Heterogeneous catalysis is a chemical process performed at a solid–gas or solid–liquid
interface. Direct participation of catalyst atoms in this chemical process determines the …

We report a new method to probe the solid-liquid interface through the use of a thin liquid
layer on a solid surface. An ambient pressure XPS (AP-XPS) endstation that is capable of …

Titanium dioxide is the most investigated single-crystalline system in the surface science of
metal oxides, and the literature on rutile (110),(100),(001), and anatase surfaces is …

Heterogeneous catalysis occurs on the surface of a catalyst particle in a gas or liquid
environment of reactants. The surface of the catalyst particle acts as an active chemical …

Heterogeneous chemical reactions at vapor/solid interfaces play an important role in many
processes in the environment and technology. Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron …