Background Worldwide consumers seek most delightful and appealing foodstuffs, at the
same time they require safer, more nutritious and healthier products. Color is one of the most …

Land-adapted plants appeared between about 480 and 360 million years ago in the mid-
Palaeozoic era, originating from charophycean green algae. The successful adaptation to …

Background Numerous diseases have been related with free radicals overproduction and
oxidative stress. Botanical preparations possess a multitude of bioactive properties …

The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical is approaching 100 years from its
discovery in 1922 by Goldschmidt and Renn. This radical is colored and remarkably stable …

The performance of dye sensitized solar cells is mainly based on the dye as a sensitizer.
Natural dyes have become a viable alternative to expensive and rare organic sensitizers …

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) provides credible alternative concept for inorganic solid-
state photovoltaic devices. The conversion efficiency of DSSC is mainly based on the dye …

Abstract “Plant phenolics” and “polyphenols” are secondary natural metabolites arising
biogenetically from either the shikimate/phenylpropanoid pathway, which directly provides …

Plant compounds that are perceived by humans to have color are generally referred to as
'pigments'. Their varied structures and colors have long fascinated chemists and biologists …

Flavonoids are major polyphenol compounds in plant secondary metabolism. Wild red‐
fleshed apples (Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana) are an excellent resource because of …

From an evolutionary perspective, the emergence of the sophisticated chemical scaffolds of
flavonoid molecules represents a key step in the colonization of Earth's terrestrial …