Engaging in a test over previously studied information can serve as a potent learning event,
a phenomenon referred to as the testing effect. Despite a surge of research in the past …

Learning is usually thought to occur during episodes of studying, whereas retrieval of
information on testing simply serves to assess what was learned. We review research that …

Many students are being left behind by an educational system that some people believe is in
crisis. Improving educational outcomes will require efforts on many fronts, but a central …

The testing effect is a well-known concept referring to gains in learning and retention that
can occur when students take a practice test on studied material before taking a final test on …

Concern that students in the United States are less proficient in mathematics, science, and
reading than their peers in other countries has led some to question whether American …

Every day, students and instructors are faced with the decision of when to study information.
The timing of study, and how it affects memory retention, has been explored for many years …

Attempting recall of information from memory, as occurs when taking a practice test, is one of
the most potent training techniques known to learning science. However, does testing yield …

The current study explored the elaborative retrieval hypothesis as an explanation for the
testing effect: the tendency for a memory test to enhance retention more than restudying. In …

This Practice Guide is the third in a series of Institute of Education Sciences (IES) guides in
education. Much of teaching is about hel** students master new knowledge and skills and …

Although substantial research has demonstrated the benefits of retrieval practice for
promoting memory, very few studies have tested theoretical accounts of this effect. Across …