The testing effect is a well-known concept referring to gains in learning and retention that
can occur when students take a practice test on studied material before taking a final test on …

Engaging in a test over previously studied information can serve as a potent learning event,
a phenomenon referred to as the testing effect. Despite a surge of research in the past …

Concern that students in the United States are less proficient in mathematics, science, and
reading than their peers in other countries has led some to question whether American …

Many students are being left behind by an educational system that some people believe is in
crisis. Improving educational outcomes will require efforts on many fronts, but a central …

Attempting recall of information from memory, as occurs when taking a practice test, is one of
the most potent training techniques known to learning science. However, does testing yield …

Learning is usually thought to occur during episodes of studying, whereas retrieval of
information on testing simply serves to assess what was learned. We review research that …

Every day, students and instructors are faced with the decision of when to study information.
The timing of study, and how it affects memory retention, has been explored for many years …

In order to test the effect of exam-question level on fostering student conceptual
understanding, low-level and high-level quizzes and exams were administered in two …

Learning is often identified with the acquisition and encoding of new information. Reading a
textbook, listening to a lecture, participating in a hands-on classroom activity, and studying a …

The need to improve the educational system has never been greater. People in congress
and business argue for expensive technological applications to improve education despite a …