The central nervous system (CNS) is an immunologically specialized tissue protected by a
blood–brain barrier. The CNS parenchyma is enveloped by a series of overlap** …

There is a growing appreciation of the importance of gut microbiota to health and disease.
This has been driven by advances in sequencing technology and recent findings …

The brain is a site of relative immune privilege. Although CD4 T cells have been reported in
the central nervous system, their presence in the healthy brain remains controversial, and …

Physical or mental stress leads to neuroplasticity in the brain and increases the risk of
depression and anxiety. Stress exposure causes the dysfunction of peripheral T …

Background There is increasing interest in the gut‐brain axis and the role intestinal
microbiota may play in communication between these two systems. Acquisition of intestinal …

Increasing evidence highlights a role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of autism
spectrum disorder (ASD), as immune dysregulation is observed in the brain, periphery, and …

The acquisition of intestinal microbiota in the immediate postnatal period has a defining
impact on the development and function of many immune and metabolic systems integral to …

The brain-gut axis allows bidirectional communication between the central nervous system
(CNS) and the enteric nervous system (ENS), linking emotional and cognitive centers of the …

Mental illness exerts a major burden on human health, yet evidence-based treatments are
rudimentary due to a limited understanding of the underlying pathologies. Clinical studies …

DNA damage is correlated with and may drive the ageing process. Neurons in the brain are
postmitotic and are excluded from many forms of DNA repair; therefore, neurons are …