The cancer-immunity cycle provides a framework to understand the series of events that
generate anti-cancer immune responses. It emphasizes the iterative nature of the response …

Historically, cancer research and therapy have focused on malignant cells and their tumor
microenvironment. However, the vascular, lymphatic and nervous systems establish long …

Sex differences in mammalian complex traits are prevalent and are intimately associated
with androgens,,,,,–. However, a molecular and cellular profile of sex differences and their …

Checkpoint immunotherapy has yielded meaningful responses across many cancers but
has shown modest efficacy in advanced prostate cancer. B7 homolog 3 protein (B7 …

Tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) are important for tumor antigen–specific T cell
generation and effective anticancer immune responses. However, TDLNs are often the …

The safety of municipal sewage sludge has raised great concerns because of the
accumulation of large-scale endocrine disrupting chemicals in the sludge during wastewater …

The last 50 years have witnessed extraordinary developments in understanding
mechanisms of carcinogenesis, synthesized as the hallmarks of cancer. Despite this logical …

Identifying sex differences in outcomes and toxicity between males and females in oncology
clinical trials is important and has also been mandated by National Institutes of Health …

Most advanced cancers are treated with drug combinations. Rational design aims to identify
synergistic combinations, but existing synergy metrics apply to preclinical, not clinical data …

There is documented sex disparity in cutaneous melanoma incidence and mortality,
increasing disproportionately with age and in the male sex. However, the underlying …