Cognition can be conceptualized as a set of algorithmic control functions whose real-time
deployment determines how an organism stores and uses information to guide thought and …

In the retina, photoreceptors pass visual information to interneurons, which process it and
pass it to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Axons of RGCs then travel through the optic nerve …

How a sensory stimulus is processed and perceived depends on the surrounding sensory
scene. In the visual cortex, contextual signals can be conveyed by an extensive network of …

Vision is the sense humans rely on most to navigate the world, make decisions, and perform
complex tasks. Understanding how humans see thus represents one of the most …

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has been valuable as a primate model in
biomedical research. Interest in this species has grown recently, in part due to the successful …

Highlights•The retina conveys a rich set of information about the content of the visual world
to the brain.•Genetic tools are starting to reveal 'labeled lines' extending from the retina to …

Every aspect of visual perception and behavior is built from the neural activity of retinal
ganglion cells (RGCs), the output neurons of the eye. Here, we review progress toward …

Orientation selectivity is a property of mammalian primary visual cortex (V1) neurons, yet its
emergence along the visual pathway varies across species. In carnivores and primates …

Humans are diurnal primates with high visual acuity at the center of gaze. Although primates
share many similarities in the organization of their visual centers with other mammals, and …

The cerebral cortex of humans and macaques has specialized regions for processing faces
and other visual stimulus categories. It is unknown whether a similar functional organization …