This article reviews the progress in research on North Pacific mode waters of the past
decade from the physical oceanographic perspective. The accumulation of satellite altimeter …

Abstract The Kuroshio Extension and its recirculation gyre form an interconnected dynamic
system. The system is located at a crossroads where the meso-scale and large-scale …

We investigated changes in the global distribution of surface-layer salinity by comparing
2003–2007 Argo-float data with annual mean climatological surface-layer salinity data for …

The upper thermal structure of the midlatitude North Pacific is studied with the use of all the
bathythermograph data compiled in the global ocean temperature and salinity profiles …

In situ temperature and altimetrically derived sea surface height data are used to investigate
the low-frequency variations in the formation of the North Pacific Ocean Subtropical Mode …

Temporal changes in the properties of the North Pacific subtropical mode water (NPSTMW)
and the North Pacific central mode water (NPCMW), which occurred around the mid-1970s …

Forty-eight profiling floats have been deployed in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region since
May 2004 as part of the Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS) project. By combining the …

Temporal evolution and spectral structure of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the
North Pacific over the last 37 years are investigated on the three characteristic time scales …

Historical hydrographic data are analyzed to investigate the seasonal variation of the
subsurace pycnostad in the northwestern part of the North Pacific and to relate it to the …

Examination of interannual variations of North Pacific subtropical mode water (STMW) in the
137° E repeat hydrographic section by Suga et al. is extended to seek a relation between …