Determining the psychological, computational, and neural bases of confidence and
uncertainty holds promise for understanding foundational aspects of human metacognition …

The higher-order theory (HOT) of consciousness has often been misunderstood by critics.
Here, we clarify its position on several issues, and distinguish it from other views, such as …

People are often aware of their mistakes, and report levels of confidence in their choices that
correlate with objective performance. These metacognitive assessments of decision quality …

The ability to recognize one's own successful cognitive processing, in eg, perceptual or
memory tasks, is often referred to as metacognition. How should we quantitatively measure …

Background Distortions in metacognition—the ability to reflect on and control other cognitive
processes—are thought to be characteristic of poor mental health. However, it remains …

There is currently little direct evidence regarding the function of subjective confidence in
decision making: The tight correlation between objective accuracy and subjective …

Metacognition is the capacity to evaluate the success of one's own cognitive processes in
various domains; for example, memory and perception. It remains controversial whether …

Decisions vary in difficulty. Humans know this and typically report more confidence in easy
than in difficult decisions. However, confidence reports do not perfectly track decision …

Human perceptual decisions are often described as optimal. Critics of this view have argued
that claims of optimality are overly flexible and lack explanatory power. Meanwhile …

Widening polarization about political, religious, and scientific issues threatens open
societies, leading to entrenchment of beliefs, reduced mutual understanding, and a …