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The pathogenesis of obesity
Body fat mass increases when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. In the long term,
a positive energy balance will result in obesity. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has …
a positive energy balance will result in obesity. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has …
Central nervous system control of food intake
New information regarding neuronal circuits that control food intake and their hormonal
regulation has extended our understanding of energy homeostasis, the process whereby …
regulation has extended our understanding of energy homeostasis, the process whereby …
The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in neuroendocrine responses to stress
Animals respond to stress by activating a wide array of behavioral and physiological
responses that are collectively referred to as the stress response. Corticotropin-releasing …
responses that are collectively referred to as the stress response. Corticotropin-releasing …
[HTML][HTML] Melanin pigmentation in mammalian skin and its hormonal regulation
Cutaneous melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflage, mimicry, social
communication, and protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. Melanogenesis is …
communication, and protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. Melanogenesis is …
A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding
Ghrelin is an acylated peptide that stimulates the release of growth hormone from the
pituitary. Ghrelin-producing neurons are located in the hypothalamus, whereas ghrelin …
pituitary. Ghrelin-producing neurons are located in the hypothalamus, whereas ghrelin …
Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans
H Krude, H Biebermann, W Luck, R Horn, G Brabant… - Nature …, 1998 - nature.com
Sequential cleavage of the precursor protein pre–pro–opiomelanocortin (POMC) generates
the melanocortin peptides adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), melanocyte–stimulating hormones …
the melanocortin peptides adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), melanocyte–stimulating hormones …
Human skin pigmentation: melanocytes modulate skin color in response to stress
GE Costin, VJ Hearing - The FASEB journal, 2007 - Wiley Online Library
All organisms, from simple invertebrates to complex human beings, exist in different colors
and patterns, which arise from the unique distribution of pigments throughout the body …
and patterns, which arise from the unique distribution of pigments throughout the body …
NPY/AgRP neurons are essential for feeding in adult mice but can be ablated in neonates
Hypothalamic neurons that express neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein
(AgRP) are thought to be critical regulators of feeding behavior and body weight. To …
(AgRP) are thought to be critical regulators of feeding behavior and body weight. To …
The melanocortin-4 receptor: physiology, pharmacology, and pathophysiology
Abstract The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) was cloned in 1993 by degenerate PCR;
however, its function was unknown. Subsequent studies suggest that the MC4R might be …
however, its function was unknown. Subsequent studies suggest that the MC4R might be …
Neuroendocrinology of the skin
The classical observations of the skin as a target for melanotropins have been
complemented by the discovery of their actual production at the local level. In fact, all of the …
complemented by the discovery of their actual production at the local level. In fact, all of the …