The pathogenesis of obesity

SM Oussaada, KA Van Galen, MI Cooiman… - Metabolism, 2019‏ - Elsevier
Body fat mass increases when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. In the long term,
a positive energy balance will result in obesity. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has …

Central nervous system control of food intake

MW Schwartz, SC Woods, D Porte Jr, RJ Seeley… - Nature, 2000‏ - nature.com
New information regarding neuronal circuits that control food intake and their hormonal
regulation has extended our understanding of energy homeostasis, the process whereby …

The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in neuroendocrine responses to stress

SM Smith, WW Vale - Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 2006‏ - Taylor & Francis
Animals respond to stress by activating a wide array of behavioral and physiological
responses that are collectively referred to as the stress response. Corticotropin-releasing …

[HTML][HTML] Melanin pigmentation in mammalian skin and its hormonal regulation

A Slominski, DJ Tobin, S Shibahara… - Physiological …, 2004‏ - journals.physiology.org
Cutaneous melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflage, mimicry, social
communication, and protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. Melanogenesis is …

A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding

M Nakazato, N Murakami, Y Date, M Kojima, H Matsuo… - Nature, 2001‏ - nature.com
Ghrelin is an acylated peptide that stimulates the release of growth hormone from the
pituitary. Ghrelin-producing neurons are located in the hypothalamus, whereas ghrelin …

Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans

H Krude, H Biebermann, W Luck, R Horn, G Brabant… - Nature …, 1998‏ - nature.com
Sequential cleavage of the precursor protein pre–pro–opiomelanocortin (POMC) generates
the melanocortin peptides adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), melanocyte–stimulating hormones …

Human skin pigmentation: melanocytes modulate skin color in response to stress

GE Costin, VJ Hearing - The FASEB journal, 2007‏ - Wiley Online Library
All organisms, from simple invertebrates to complex human beings, exist in different colors
and patterns, which arise from the unique distribution of pigments throughout the body …

NPY/AgRP neurons are essential for feeding in adult mice but can be ablated in neonates

S Luquet, FA Perez, TS Hnasko, RD Palmiter - Science, 2005‏ - science.org
Hypothalamic neurons that express neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein
(AgRP) are thought to be critical regulators of feeding behavior and body weight. To …

The melanocortin-4 receptor: physiology, pharmacology, and pathophysiology

YX Tao - Endocrine reviews, 2010‏ - academic.oup.com
Abstract The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) was cloned in 1993 by degenerate PCR;
however, its function was unknown. Subsequent studies suggest that the MC4R might be …

Neuroendocrinology of the skin

A Slominski, J Wortsman - Endocrine reviews, 2000‏ - academic.oup.com
The classical observations of the skin as a target for melanotropins have been
complemented by the discovery of their actual production at the local level. In fact, all of the …