Freshwaters of the boreal and temperate regions have experienced increased browning
during the last decades. Browning, or brownification, is mostly driven by increased organic …

Roughly 10% of the Earth's surface is permanently covered by glaciers and ice sheets and
in mountain ecosystems, this proportion of ice cover is often even higher. From an ecological …

Invisible to the naked eye lies a tremendous diversity of organic molecules and organisms
that make major contributions to important biogeochemical cycles. However, how the …

Northern forests are important ecosystems for carbon (C) cycling and lakes within them
process and bury large amounts of organic-C. Current burial estimates are poorly …

Uncertainties in the magnitude and seasonality of various gas emission modes, particularly
among different lake types, limit our ability to estimate methane (CH 4) and carbon dioxide …

The EU aims at reaching carbon neutrality by 2050 and Finland by 2035. We integrated
results of three spatially distributed model systems (FRES, PREBAS, Zonation) to evaluate …

Recent reports of increasing iron (Fe) concentrations in freshwaters are of concern, given
the fundamental role of Fe in biogeochemical processes. Still, little is known about the …

Multiple processes support the significant efflux of carbon dioxide (CO2) from rivers and
streams. Attribution of CO2 oversaturation will lead to better quantification of the freshwater …

Lakes are a major component of boreal landscapes, and whereas lake CO 2 emissions are
recognized as a major component of regional C budgets, there is still much uncertainty …

Oxygen availability is decreasing in many lakes and reservoirs worldwide, raising the
urgency for understanding how anoxia (low oxygen) affects coupled biogeochemical …