This paper broadly summarizes the variation of design features found in vertebrate limbs
and analyses the resultant versatility and multifunctionality in order to make …

The present work studies the bending and torsional rigidities for the femur when having a
defect. The main objective of this study is to compare the stiffness of femur bone with and …

Second moment of area is a measure of how well the cross-section of a beam will resist
bending because of its shape. Many have used second moment of area to investigate the …

In tetrapods, fusion between elements of the appendicular skeleton is thought to facilitate
rapid movements during running, flying, and jum**. Although such fusion is widespread …

Classic beam theory is frequently used in biomechanics to model the stress behaviour of
vertebrate long bones, particularly when creating intraspecific scaling models. Although …

During locomotion over land, vertebrates' limb bones are exposed to loads. Like most
biological structures, limb bones have a capacity to withstand greater loads than they …

The evolutionary association between morphology, locomotor performance and habitat use
is a central element of the ecomorphological paradigm, and it is known to underlie the …

Understanding how living tissues respond to changes in their mechanical environment is a
key question in evolutionary biology. Invasive species provide an ideal model for this as they …

Abstract Frogs and toads (Lissamphibia: Anura) show a diversity of locomotor modes that
allow them to inhabit a wide range of habitats. The different locomotor modes are likely to be …

Long bones are subjected to mechanical loads during locomotion that will influence their
biomechanical properties through a feedback mechanism (the bone mechanostat). This …