Inflammation of the human lung is mediated in response to different stimuli (eg, physical,
radioactive, infective, pro-allergenic or toxic) such as cigarette smoke and environmental …

The lungs are exposed to reactive oxygen species oxygen (ROS) produced as a result of
inhalation of oxygen, as well as smoke and other air pollutants. Cell metabolism and the …

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and the
leading cause of low vision and blindness worldwide. Mounting evidence demonstrates that …

In a state of oxidative stress, there is an increase of reactive species, which induce an
altered intracellular signaling, leading to dysregulation of the inflammatory response. The …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) are enzymes that
generate superoxide or hydrogen peroxide from molecular oxygen utilizing NADPH as an …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from destruction of pancreatic beta cells by T cells of the
immune system. Despite improvements in insulin analogs and continuous blood glucose …

Abstract Thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs), and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have been
characterized as electron donors, guards of the intracellular redox state, and “antioxidants” …

Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis
of multiple sclerosis (MS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which if produced in excess lead …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell–mediated autoimmune disease characterized by the
destruction of insulin‐secreting pancreatic β cells. In humans with T1D and in nonobese …

The immune system protects the host from a plethora of microorganisms and toxins through
its unique ability to distinguish self from non-self. To perform this delicate but essential task …