During evolution, the cerebral cortex advances by increasing in surface and the introduction
of new cytoarchitectonic areas among which the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is considered to be …

Ultrasound is widely used for medical diagnosis and increasingly for therapeutic purposes.
An understanding of the bio-effects of sonography is important for clinicians and scientists …

Electromagnetic-based methods of stimulating brain activity require invasive procedures or
have other limitations. Deep-brain stimulation requires surgically implanted electrodes …

Brain stimulation methods are indispensable to the study of brain function. They have also
proven effective for treating some neurological disorders. Historically used for medical …

Possessing the ability to noninvasively elicit brain circuit activity yields immense
experimental and therapeutic power. Most currently employed neurostimulation methods …

Manipulation of biological cells by acoustic radiation forces is often motivated by its
improved biocompatibility relative to alternative available methods. On the other hand, it is …

Functional neuroimaging modalities are crucial for understanding brain function, but their
clinical use is challenging. Recently, the use of ultrasonic plane waves transmitted at …

Neuromodulation is of great importance both as a fundamental neuroscience research tool
for analyzing and understanding the brain function, and as a therapeutic avenue for treating …

Deep brain stimulation and vagal nerve stimulation are therapeutically effective in treating
some neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders. Optogenetic-based neurostimulation …

AKI affects both quality of life and health care costs and is an independent risk factor for
mortality. At present, there are few effective treatment options for AKI. Here, we describe a …