Large gradual solar energetic particle events

M Desai, J Giacalone - Living Reviews in Solar Physics, 2016‏ - Springer
Solar energetic particles, or SEPs, from suprathermal (few keV) up to relativistic (∼∼ few
GeV) energies are accelerated near the Sun in at least two ways:(1) by magnetic …

The two sources of solar energetic particles

DV Reames - Space Science Reviews, 2013‏ - Springer
Evidence for two different physical mechanisms for acceleration of solar energetic particles
(SEPs) arose 50 years ago with radio observations of type III bursts, produced by outward …

Theory and transport of nearly incompressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence

GP Zank, L Adhikari, P Hunana, D Shiota… - The Astrophysical …, 2017‏ - iopscience.iop.org
The theory of nearly incompressible magnetohydrodynamics (NI MHD) was developed
largely in the early 1990s, together with an important extension to inhomogeneous flows in …

[ספר][B] Nonlinear cosmic ray diffusion theories

A Shalchi - 2009‏ - Springer
If charged particles move through the interplanetary or interstellar medium, they interact with
a large-scale magnetic field such as the magnetic field of the Sun or the Galactic magnetic …

Non-thermal electron acceleration in low mach number collisionless shocks. I. Particle energy spectra and acceleration mechanism

X Guo, L Sironi, R Narayan - The Astrophysical Journal, 2014‏ - iopscience.iop.org
Electron acceleration to non-thermal energies in low Mach number (M s≲ 5) shocks is
revealed by radio and X-ray observations of galaxy clusters and solar flares, but the electron …

Perpendicular transport of energetic particles in magnetic turbulence

A Shalchi - Space Science Reviews, 2020‏ - Springer
Scientists have explored how energetic particles such as solar energetic particles and
cosmic rays move through a magnetized plasma such as the interplanetary and interstellar …

Energy spectra, composition, and other properties of ground-level events during solar cycle 23

RA Mewaldt, MD Looper, CMS Cohen… - Space Science …, 2012‏ - Springer
We report spacecraft measurements of the energy spectra of solar protons and other solar
energetic particle properties during the 16 Ground Level Events (GLEs) of Solar Cycle 23 …

Entropy defect in thermodynamics

G Livadiotis, DJ McComas - Scientific reports, 2023‏ - nature.com
This paper describes the physical foundations of the newly discovered “entropy defect” as a
basic concept of thermodynamics. The entropy defect quantifies the change in entropy …

The transport of low-frequency turbulence in astrophysical flows. I. Governing equations

GP Zank, A Dosch, P Hunana, V Florinski… - The Astrophysical …, 2011‏ - iopscience.iop.org
Numerous problems in space physics and astrophysics require a detailed understanding of
the transport and dissipation of low-frequency turbulence in an expanding magnetized flow …

Space plasma physics: A review

BT Tsurutani, GP Zank, VJ Sterken… - … on Plasma Science, 2022‏ - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Owing to the ever-present solar wind, our vast solar system is full of plasmas. The turbulent
solar wind, together with sporadic solar eruptions, introduces various space plasma …