Droughts of the future are likely to be more frequent, severe, and longer lasting than they
have been in recent decades, but drought risks will be lower if greenhouse gas emissions …

Abstract Knowledge of the characteristics of natural climate variability is vital when
assessing the range of plausible future climate trajectories in the next decades to centuries …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

Hundreds of coral paleoclimate records have been developed over the past several
decades, significantly extending the instrumental record and improving our understanding of …

Attribution and prediction of global and regional warming requires a better understanding of
the magnitude and spatial characteristics of internal global mean surface air temperature …

Around the world, small ice caps and glaciers have been losing mass and retreating since
the start of the industrial era. Estimates are that this has contributed approximately 30% of …

Variations in regional temperature have widespread implications for society, but our
understanding of the amplitude and origin of long-term natural variability is insufficient for …

Variability on centennial to multi-centennial timescales is mentioned as a feature in
reconstructions of the Holocene climate. As more long transient model simulations with …

The Pacific shallow meridional overturning circulations, known as subtropical cells (STCs),
link subduction in the subtropical regions to equatorial upwelling, suggesting the possibility …

Global changes, such as human activities and climate change, increase the odds of
worsening drought. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite …