The holobiont (host with its endocellular and extracellular microbiome) can function as a
distinct biological entity, an additional organismal level to the ones previously considered …

Our understanding of species evolution is undergoing restructuring. It is well accepted that
host–symbiont coevolution is responsible for fundamental aspects of biology. However, the …

For over 300 million years, insects have relied on symbiotic microbes for nutrition and
defence. However, it is unclear whether specific ecological conditions have repeatedly …

Their ability to degrade lignocellulose gives termites an important place in the carbon cycle.
This ability relies on their partnership with a diverse community of bacterial, archaeal and …

Gastrointestinal microbiota play a vital role in maintaining organismal health, through
facilitating nutrient uptake, detoxification and interactions with the immune system. The …

Due to the significance of the microbiome on human health, much of the current data
available regarding microbiome functionality is centered on human medicine. For …

There is growing recognition that the gut microbial community regulates a wide variety of
important functions in its animal hosts, including host health. However, the complex …

Controversial glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most frequently used herbicides
globally. GBH residues in the wild, in animal and human food may expose non-target …

The recent emergence of powerful genomic tools, such as high‐throughput genomics,
transcriptomics and metabolomics, combined with the study of gnotobiotic animals, have …

1. Numerous cladistic analyses have converged: termites are a monophyletic clade
embedded within the paraphyletic cockroaches, and sister group to the biparental, wood …