Abstract The Russian war in Ukraine poses many risks for the spread of HIV, TB and
associated conditions, including possible increases in the numbers of people who inject …

Introduction In light of the COVID‐19 pandemic, considerable effort is going into identifying
and protecting those at risk. Criminalization, stigmatization and the psychological, physical …

The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented event in modern American history. It has the
potential to impact nearly every American community significantly regardless of its size. As of …

This paper reviews and then discusses selected findings from a seventeen year study about
the population prevalence of people who inject drugs (PWID) and of HIV prevalence and …

The article addresses the challenge of conceptualizing agency within a non-dichotomous,
dialectical approach that gives full credit to the social roots of agency and does justice to it …

Oppression has been identified as a fundamental cause of disease. Like a self-replicating
virus, it infects systems from the biological to the political, contributing to personal (eg …

The nature and challenge of illicit drug use in the United States continues to change rapidly,
evolving in reaction to myriad social, economic, and local forces. While the use of illicit drugs …

Big Events are periods during which abnormal large-scale events like war, economic
collapse, revolts, or pandemics disrupt daily life and expectations about the future. They can …

This review of literature identifies and describes US empirical studies on the criminalization
of HIV exposure, examines findings on key questions about these laws, highlights …

Over the eight months following Hurricane Sandy, of October 2012, we interviewed 300
people who inject drugs in New York City. During the week after the storm, 28% rescued …