The skin barrier protects the human body from invasion by exogenous and pathogenic
microorganisms. A breach in this barrier exposes the underlying tissue to microbial …

Biofilms are aggregates of bacteria, in most cases, which are resistant usually to broad-
spectrum antibiotics in their typical concentrations or even in higher doses. A trend of …

The formation of microbial biofilms enables single planktonic cells to assume a multicellular
mode of growth. During dispersion, the final step of the biofilm life cycle, single cells egress …

Biofilms in water environments are thought to be hot spots for horizontal gene transfer (HGT)
of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). ARGs can be spread via HGT, though mechanisms …

The diverse rumen virome can modulate the rumen microbiome, but it remains largely
unexplored. Here, we mine 975 published rumen metagenomes for viral sequences, create …

Biofilms are surface-attached groups of microbial cells encased in an extracellular matrix
that are significantly less susceptible to antimicrobial agents than non-adherent, planktonic …

Bacteria have evolved a wide range of mechanisms to harm and kill their competitors,
including chemical, mechanical and biological weapons. Here we review the incredible …

INTRODUCTION We have identified previously unsuspected, directly pathogenic roles for
bacteriophage (phage) virions in bacterial infections. In particular, we report that …

Population-wide tolerance and persisters enable susceptible bacterial cells to endure
hostile environments, including antimicrobial exposure. The SOS response can play a …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of life-threatening acute infections and life-long
lasting chronic infections. The characteristic biofilm mode of life in P. aeruginosa chronic …