Fluid dynamics plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including the locomotion of
cells such as bacteria and spermatozoa. These organisms possess flagella, slender …

In this review, we provide a theoretical introduction to Jeffery's equations for the orientation
dynamics of an axisymmetric object in a flow at low Reynolds number, and review recent …

Among several models for microswimmers, the three-sphere microswimmer proposed by
Najafi and Golestanian captures the essential mechanism for the locomotion of a …

A number of swimming microorganisms, such as ciliates (Opalina) and multicellular colonies
of flagellates (Volvox), are approximately spherical in shape and swim using beating arrays …

Motility is a fundamental feature of living matter, encompassing single cells and collective
behavior. Such living systems are characterized by nonconservativity of energy and a large …

Microorganisms such as bacteria often swim in fluid environments that cannot be classified
as Newtonian. Many biological fluids contain polymers or other heterogeneities which may …

Swimming at the microscale typically involves two modes of motion: mechanical propulsion
and propulsion due to field interactions. During mechanical propulsion, particles swim by …

We examine swimmers comprising of two rigid spheres which oscillate periodically along
their axis of symmetry, considering when the spheres oscillate both in phase and in …

The locomotion of microorganisms in fluids is ubiquitous and plays an important role in
numerous biological processes. For example, mammalian spermatozoa undergo a long …

We discuss and compare the statistical properties of two stochastic three-sphere
micromachines, ie, odd micromachine and thermal micromachine. We calculate the steady …