I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

Motile cilia are highly complex hair-like organelles of epithelial cells lining the surface of
various organ systems. Genetic mutations (usually with autosomal recessive inheritance) …

Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous syndrome. Impaired
function of motile cilia causes failure of mucociliary clearance. Patients typically present with …

BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic condition affecting the
structure and function of sperm flagellum and motile cilia including those in the male and …

Ciliopathies are a collection of disorders related to cilia dysfunction. Cilia are specialized
organelles that project from the surface of most cells. Motile and primary (sensory) cilia are …

Hydrocephalus is one of the most prevalent form of developmental central nervous system
(CNS) malformations. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow depends on both heartbeat and body …

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare multiorgan disease caused by genetic mutations
resulting in defects in motile cilia. Because cilia are responsible for clearing the secretions …

Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a rare genetic disease of the motile cilia and is one of a rapidly
expanding collection of disorders known as ciliopathies. Patients with primary ciliary …

Dysfunction of motile monocilia, altering the leftward flow at the embryonic node essential for
determination of left-right body asymmetry, is a major cause of laterality defects. Laterality …

Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) is extremely low in most people with primary ciliary dyskinesia
(PCD) and its measurement is an important contributor to making the diagnosis. Existing …