Wireless on-demand drug delivery systems exploit exogenous stimuli—acoustic waves,
electric fields, magnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation—to trigger drug carriers. The …

In nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery, liposomes are the most widely used drug
carrier, and the only NP system currently approved by the FDA for clinical use, owing to their …

Insufficient drug loading and leakage of payload remain major challenges in designing
liposome-based drug delivery systems. These phenomena can limit duration of effect and …

Light is a particularly appealing tool for on‐demand drug delivery due to its noninvasive
nature, ease of application, and exquisite temporal and spatial control. Great progress is …

The ultimate goal of drug delivery is to increase the bioavailability and reduce the toxic side
effects of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) by releasing them at a specific site of …

Drug delivery systems that are externally triggered to release drugs and/or target tissues
hold considerable promise for improving the treatment of many diseases by minimizing …

Light is a uniquely powerful tool for controlling molecular events in biology. No other
external input (eg, heat, ultrasound, magnetic field) can be so tightly focused or so highly …

Porphyrins are organic compounds that continue to attract much theoretical interest, and
have been called the “pigments of life”. They have a wide role in photodynamic and …

The convergence of wearable sensors and personalized medicine enhance the ability to
sense and control the drug composition and dosage, as well as location and timing of …

The therapeutic effect of small hydrophilic molecules is limited by the rapid clearance from
the systemic circulation or a local site of administration. The unsuitable pharmacokinetics …