MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical mediators of posttranscriptional regulation via their
targeting of the imperfect antisense complementary regions of coding and non-coding …

The microRNA, miR-155 regulates both adaptive and innate immune responses. In viral
infections, miR-155 can affect both innate immunity (interferon response, natural killer cell …

Objectives HIV infection is well known to cause impairment of the human immune system,
and until recently was a leading cause of death. It has been shown that T lymphocytes are …

Viral infections frequently induce acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, yet the
contribution of the innate immune response to a detrimental host response remains poorly …

Background Despite intensive investigation the mechanism by which HIV-1 reaches the host
cell nucleus is unknown. TNPO3, a karyopherin mediating nuclear entry of SR-proteins, was …

HIV-1 has already claimed over 35 million human lives globally. No curative treatments are
currently available, and the only treatment option for over 36 million people currently living …

Polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly (I: C)) is a ligand of toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 that has
been used as an immunostimulant in humans and mice against viral diseases based on its …

Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANAs) displaying the nuclear dense fine speckled
immunofluorescence (DFS-IIF) pattern in HEp-2 substrates are commonly observed in …

Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are an important class of small, non-coding RNAs that bind to
host mRNAs based on sequence complementarity and regulate protein expression. They …

Background Microglial cells, which are resident macrophages of the central nervous system,
play important roles in immune responses and pathogenesis. Japanese encephalitis virus …