The authors address 2 questions about embarrassment. First, Is embarrassment a distinct
emotion? The evidence indicates that the antecedents, experience, and display of …

This paper reviews the literature pertaining to the behavior of the Japanese or domestic
quail Coturnix japonica. Details are given of the classification, characteristics, domestication …

The familiar spring sound of birdsongs heralds the onset of territory formation and a complex
sequence of interrelated events that make up the breeding period. Such songs are an …

Androgens are classically thought of as the sex steroids controlling male reproduction.
However, in recent years evidence has accumulated showing that androgens can also be …

Testosterone (T) regulates avian behaviors such as song and aggression during the
breeding season. However, the role of T in year-round territorial birds is still enigmatic …

For male vertebrates, androgens are considered physiological mediators of the trade-off
between mating and parenting effort. About 30 years ago, the challenge hypothesis …

The behavioural and physiological consequences of social status and reciprocal fighting in
resident-intruder dyads of Long Evans male rats were evaluated. Before a chronic …

Although testosterone (T) stimulates aggressive and reproductive behaviors in males of
many vertebrate species, it is now known that the full expression of T action in the brain …

Changes in plasma levels of testosterone (T), progesterone (P), and luteinizing hormone
(LH) were studied over the reproductive cycle in two double-brooded populations of …

Investigations of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of physiology and behaviour have
generally avoided attempts to explain individual differences. The goal has rather been to …