Type 2 immunity is characterized by the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, and this
immune response is commonly observed in tissues during allergic inflammation or infection …

All animals heal, and the ability to heal is requisite for human health. One aspect of repair
that has always been considered to be essential for adequate healing is the creation of a …

Fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic disease. Although fibroblasts are involved, it is unclear to
what extent endothelial cells also might contribute. We detected increased expression of the …

Sustained macroautophagy/autophagy favors the differentiation of fibroblasts into
myofibroblasts. Cellular senescence, another means of responding to long-term cellular …

Angiogenesis, or the growth of new blood vessels from the preexisting vasculature, is a
visible and important component of wound repair. When tissue damage occurs, disruption of …

Background Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major risk factor for chronic renal failure.
Here, we characterize the different modes of programmed cell death in the tubular and …

Fibrosis, seen in the liver, lung, heart, kidney, and skin, is a significant global disease
burden. Currently, therapeutic treatment is limited, and the number of cases continues to …

One well described feature of wound healing is the ingrowth of new capillaries or
angiogenesis. At its peak, the capillary content in healing wounds may reach three or more …

Organ fibrosis represents a dysregulated, maladaptive wound repair response that results in
progressive disruption of normal tissue architecture leading to detrimental deterioration in …

Caspases are well known for their role in apoptosis. Recently, nonapoptotic roles of
caspases have been identified, however, these noncanonical roles are not well documented …