Most insects have a complex life cycle with ecologically different larval and adult stages. We
present an ontogenetic perspective to analyze and summarize the complex life cycle of …

Host–parasite interactions are characterised by a lack of stable species-specific traits that
limits generalisations one can make even about particular host or parasite species. For …

Host populations often vary in the magnitude of coinfection they experience across
environmental gradients. Furthermore, coinfection often occurs sequentially, with a second …

Urbanization is among the most important and globally rapidly increasing anthropogenic
processes and is known to drive rapid evolution. Habitats in urbanized areas typically …

Although a growing number of studies have documented the evolution of adult dispersal‐
related traits at the range edge of poleward‐expanding species, we know little about …

1. Dispersal is essential for locating mates, new resources, and to escape unfavourable
conditions. Parasitism can impact a host's ability to perform energetically demanding …

How exposure to contaminants may interfere with the widespread poleward range
expansions under global warming is largely unknown. Pesticide exposure may negatively …

Individuals at the expansion front during a climate-driven range expansion are expected to
differ phenotypically from those individuals in core populations. Little information is known …

Parasitism plays an essential part in ecology and evolution of host species and
understanding the reasons for differential parasitism within and among hosts species is …

1. Damselflies and dragonflies are widely parasitised insects and numerous studies have
tried to understand this host–parasite relationship. However, most of these studies have …