In recent years, there has been rising interest in additively manufactured shape memory
polymers (SMPs) and their multi-functional composites. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an …

Additive manufacturing is a layer-by-layer strategy enabling the advanced design and
fabrication of complex 3D objects and structures, overcoming geometry limitations and …

Advancements in polymer science and engineering have helped the scientific community to
shift its attention towards the use of environmentally benign materials for reducing the …

Additive manufacturing (AM) aka three-dimensional (3D) printing has been a well-
established and unparalleled technology, which is expanding the boundaries of materials …

Abstract 4D printing refers to single-material or multi-material printing of a device or object
that can be transformed from a 1D strand into pre-programed 3D shape, from a 2D surface …

In the contemporary era, novel manufacturing technologies like additive manufacturing (AM)
have revolutionized the different engineering sectors including biomedical, aerospace …

Stimuli‐responsive polymers (SRPs) are special types of soft materials, which have been
extensively used for develo** flexible actuators, soft robots, wearable devices, sensors …

Abstract 4D (bio‐) printing endows 3D printed (bio‐) materials with multiple functionalities
and dynamic properties. 4D printed materials have been recently used in biomedical …

This general review paper presents a condensed view of recent inventions in the Additive
Manufacturing (AM) field. It outlines factors affecting the development and commercialization …

The concept of four-dimensional (4D) printing emerged from the addition of the time
dimension into the more established additive manufacturing (AM) methods, namely 3D …