In the brain, most synapses are formed on minute protrusions known as dendritic spines.
Unlike their artificial intelligence counterparts, spines are not merely tuneable memory …

Since Cajal's first drawings of Golgi stained neurons, generations of researchers have been
fascinated by the small protrusions, termed spines, studding many neuronal dendrites. Most …

Normal ageing is associated with impairments in cognitive function, including memory.
These impairments are linked, not to a loss of neurons in the forebrain, but to specific and …

Microglia are the primary immune cells in the brain. Under physiological conditions, they
typically stay in a" resting" state, with ramified processes continuously extending to and …

Synaptic plasticity in adult neural circuits may involve the strengthening or weakening of
existing synapses as well as structural plasticity, including synapse formation and …

The introduction of high-resolution time lapse imaging and molecular biological tools has
changed dramatically the rate of progress towards the understanding of the complex …

Novel motor skills are learned through repetitive practice and, once acquired, persist long
after training stops,. Earlier studies have shown that such learning induces an increase in …

A single, low dose of the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine produces rapid
antidepressant actions in treatment-resistant depressed patients. Understanding the cellular …

Recent studies have provided long-sought evidence that behavioural learning involves
specific synapse gain and elimination processes, which lead to memory traces that influence …

The postsynaptic density (PSD)-95 family of membrane-associated guanylate kinases
(MAGUKs) are major scaffolding proteins at the PSD in glutamatergic excitatory synapses …