Tip** elements are components of the Earth system which may respond nonlinearly to
anthropogenic climate change by transitioning toward substantially different long‐term …

Ecosystem responses to rising CO2 concentrations are a major source of uncertainty in
climate change projections. Data from ecosystem-scale Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) …

Terrestrial ecosystems remove about 30 per cent of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by
human activities each year, yet the persistence of this carbon sink depends partly on how …

Abstract The Community Land Model (CLM) is the land component of the Community Earth
System Model (CESM) and is used in several global and regional modeling systems. In this …

For half a century, the process of economic integration of the Amazon has been based on
intensive use of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources, which has brought …

Drylands cover 40% of the global terrestrial surface and provide important ecosystem
services. While drylands as a whole are expected to increase in extent and aridity in coming …

The increasing complexity of Earth system models has inspired efforts to quantitatively
assess model fidelity through rigorous comparison with best available measurements and …

Enhanced CO2 assimilation by forests as atmospheric CO2 concentration rises could slow
the rate of CO2 increase if the assimilated carbon is allocated to long-lived biomass …

Global terrestrial models currently predict that the Amazon rainforest will continue to act as a
carbon sink in the future, primarily owing to the rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) …

Plants are expected to generate more global-scale runoff under increasing atmospheric
carbon dioxide concentrations through their influence on surface resistance to …